| ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ KAWASAKI STEEL TECHNICAL REPORT No.16 ( June 1987 ) ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ |
| Insulated Tubular in Steam Injection Shin-ichi Nejihashi, Edgar O. Stephenson, Joseph Roni, Kiyoshi Ishimoto |
| Synopsis: Insulated tubulars have become a standard component of the heavy crude oil production equipment, because of its feature of minimizing heat losses in the wellbore environment, as well as protecting wellbore casing in older, non-thermally completed wells. This paper mostly discusses the key items of thermal performance and structural performance to be considered based on the field-use requirements for wide range of operational modes. Recent development to vacuum insulation into the annulus between the concentric double-walled tubulars where special sorbent material is incorporated to maintain the original low thermal conductivity for the long-term period, is described in detail compared with previous technology. The consideration and optimization concept of preload to the inner tubular to keep a comfortable safety factor for wide range of operational modes are also explained, which requirement comes from large plus and minus temperature differential between the outer and inner tubulars. |
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